DeepLeg

Anderson, Mary

2005-03-18T18:37:00.000-08:00

Anderson early decided upon a career on the stage, and at age 16 she made her debut as Juliet in Louisville, Kentucky. She subsequently toured cities of the South and West and was a popular success,

Algae, Diagnostic features

2005-03-17T02:18:00.000-08:00

The classification of algae into taxonomic groups is based upon the same rules as for the classification of plants. The organization of groups above the order level has changed substantially since 1960. Research using electron microscopes has demonstrated new and important features of the flagellar apparatus, cell division process, and organelle structure and

Ito Jakuchu

2005-03-14T00:51:00.000-08:00

The son of a greengrocer, he first studied drawing with a painter of the Kano school (stressing Chinese subject matter and techniques). He also made copies of old Chinese

Qatar, Resources

2005-03-13T03:29:00.000-08:00

Qatar's petroleum reserves, found both onshore along the western coast at Dukhan and offshore from the eastern coast, are modest by regional standards and are expected to last only until the early decades of the 21st century at present rates of production. Oil continues to dominate Qatar's economy, however, accounting for the great bulk of government revenues and one-third

Ob River, Plant and animal life

2005-03-10T13:54:00.000-08:00

Rich meadows extend in bands 1 to 2 miles (2 to 3 km) wide for great distances along the banks of the Ob and cover many of the numerous islands. Pine, cedar, silver fir, aspen, and birch also grow on the banks and occasionally constitute isolated forests on the higher ground of the floodplain. Large areas near the river are covered with willow, snowball trees (Viburnum), bird cherry

Hanafiyah

2005-03-09T20:20:00.000-08:00

Also called Madhhab Hanifah , English Hanafites in Islam, one of the four Sunni schools of religious law, incorporating the legal opinions of the ancient Iraqi schools of al-Kufah and Basra. Hanafi legal thought (madhhab) developed from the teachings of the theologian Imam Abu Hanifah (c. 700–767) by such disciples as Abu Yusuf (d. 798) and Muhammad ash-Shaybani (749/750–805) and became the official system of Islamic legal interpretation of the 'Abbasids, Seljuqs

Dominion

2005-03-07T14:30:00.000-08:00

Town, Cape Breton county, northeastern Nova Scotia, Canada, immediately northwest of Glace Bay and a few miles northeast of Sydney, on the northeast coast of Cape Breton Island. The town originally was named Dominion No. 1 and was developed in the 1890s around a colliery (now defunct) of the Dominion Coal Company. The name of the coal town was changed to Dominion in 1906. The first of

Aristarch

2005-03-05T22:37:00.000-08:00

A severe critic. The term is derived from the name of the Greek grammarian and critic Aristarchus, who was known for his harsh judgments.

Stimulant

2005-03-02T10:24:00.000-08:00

The major stimulant

Haakon V Magnusson,

2005-02-28T03:05:00.000-08:00

The younger son of Magnus VI Lawmender, Haakon succeeded his older brother, Erik II Magnusson, in 1299. Determined to reduce the

Adam's Peak

2005-02-27T18:22:00.000-08:00

Mountain in southwestern Sri Lanka (Ceylon), 7,360 feet (2,243 m) high and 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Ratnapura; it is located in the Sri Lanka hill country. Its conical summit terminates in an oblong platform about 74 by 24 feet (22 by 7 m), on which there is a large hollow resembling the print of a human foot, 5 feet 4 inches by 2 feet 6 inches. The depression is venerated alike by Buddhists, Muslims, and Hindus,

Orange Walk

2005-02-25T07:29:00.000-08:00

Town, northwestern Belize, situated on the left (west) bank of the New River. Established in early colonial times, it was pillaged by hostile Indians in 1872. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it conducted a thriving trade in mahogany. The town declined after demand for mahogany lessened. Sugarcane and citrus fruit cultivation and rum distilling are the main economic

Chatwin, Bruce

2005-02-22T09:08:00.000-08:00

In 1966 Chatwin abandoned a promising career as a director of Impressionist art at the auction firm Sotheby's in London to study archaeology at the University of Edinburgh. From 1973 he worked for a time as a traveling correspondent for The Sunday

Saxo Grammaticus

2005-02-20T02:33:00.000-08:00

Little is known of Saxo's life except that he was a Zealander belonging to a family of warriors and was probably a clerk in the service of Absalon, archbishop of Lund from 1178 to 1201. Saxo is

Argentina, Perón's second presidency

2005-02-16T06:03:00.000-08:00

Perón was elected president with his third wife, María Estela Martínez de Perón (Isabel Perón), as vice president. Taking office in October 1973, he continued the campaign against the left, and in May 1974 the victims of the purge acknowledged the break with their former leader and passed into (still legal) opposition. Montonero activity increased, and the Triple A, suspected by

Cohenite

2005-02-14T10:05:00.000-08:00

The mineral iron and nickel carbide [(Fe,Ni)3C] that occurs as an accessory constituent of several iron meteorites, of all coarse octahedrites containing 7 percent or less nickel, and of at least one stony meteorite, an enstatite chondrite. Cohenite closely resembles the meteoritic mineral schreibersite, and it may be more common in meteorites than is supposed. When

Tierra Del Fuego

2005-02-12T14:44:00.000-08:00

Provincia, southern Argentina, consisting of the eastern half of the triangular island of Tierra del Fuego (Spanish: “Land of Fire”), lying between the Strait of Magellan (north) and Beagle Channel (south) at the southern extremity of South America. Argentina also claims as part of this province a number of South Atlantic islands and a portion of the Antarctic continent

Pietersburg

2005-02-10T08:45:00.000-08:00

Town and capital of Northern province, South Africa. It is located about midway between Pretoria and the Zimbabwe border, at an elevation of 4,199 feet (1,280 m). The town was founded by Voortrekkers (Afrikaans: “Pioneers”) in 1886 on land purchased in 1884 from a local farmer and was named after Petrus (Piet) Joubert, a Boer general. It was the temporary capital in 1900 of both the Transvaal and the Orange

Cinématographe

2005-02-08T19:21:00.000-08:00

First motion-picture apparatus, used as both camera and projector. The invention of Louis and Auguste Lumière, manufacturers of photographic materials of Lyon, Fr., it was based in part on the Kinetoscope of Thomas A. Edison in the United States and in part on the Théâtre Optique of Émile Reynaud in Paris. From Edison's invention the Lumières took the idea of a sprocket-wound

Army

2005-02-06T13:14:00.000-08:00

Throughout history, the character and organization of armies have changed. Social and political aspects of nations at different

Pontiac

2005-02-04T16:39:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1820) of Oakland county, southeastern Michigan, U.S., on the Clinton River, 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Detroit. Named for the Ottawa Indian chief, it was located on the Saginaw Trail and became an important wagon and carriage production centre in the 1880s. It later turned to the manufacture of automobiles, auto parts, buses, and trucks. The Oakland Pioneer and Historical Society

Ammunition

2005-02-03T19:17:00.000-08:00

The projectiles and propelling charges used in small arms, artillery, and other guns. Ammunition size is usually expressed in terms of calibre, which is the diameter of the projectile as measured in millimetres or inches. In general, projectiles less than 20 mm or .60 inch in diameter are classified as small-arm, and larger calibres are considered artillery. A complete round

Bermuda Race

2005-02-01T23:22:00.000-08:00

One of the world's major ocean races for sailing yachts. Originating in 1906, it has been held biennially since 1924 (except during World War II); since 1936 it has covered the 635-nautical-mile (1,176-kilometre) distance from Newport, R.I., U.S., to Bermuda. The race is cosponsored by the Cruising Club of America and the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club, with the winners determined by a handicapping formula.

Bréguet, Louis-charles

2005-01-29T19:37:00.000-08:00

Bréguet built his first airplane in 1909, set a speed

India, Southern Indian kingdoms

2005-01-28T09:16:00.000-08:00

Inscriptions in Brahmi (recently read as Tamil Brahmi) date to between the 2nd century BC and the 4th century

Aiken

2005-01-25T08:01:00.000-08:00

City, seat of Aiken county, western South Carolina, U.S. Aiken lies 16 miles (26 km) northeast of Augusta, Georgia. It was chartered in 1835 and named for the railroad entrepreneur William Aiken. The city was originally a health resort. During the American Civil War the Confederate forces of General Joseph Wheeler defeated General Hugh J. Kilpatrick's Union troops in the town's main

San Diego Zoological Garden

2005-01-23T17:06:00.000-08:00

The largest collection of mammals, birds, and reptiles in the world. This municipal zoo, located in San Diego, Calif., U.S., was founded in 1916 and is administered by the Zoological Society of San Diego. It occupies a 40.5-hectare (100-acre) site in Balboa Park amid hills and canyons. The zoo has about 3,500 animals representing more than 700 species. A noteworthy feature of the zoo is its landscaping.

Armenian Alphabet

2005-01-21T03:13:00.000-08:00

Script developed for the Armenian language in the 5th century AD and still in use. It was probably derived from the Pahlavi alphabet of Persia, with some Greek influences. According to local tradition, the Armenian alphabet was invented in the early 5th century AD by Mesrop Mashtots, aided by Isaac (Sahak) the Great, supreme head of the Armenian Apostolic Church, and by a Greek

Ambassador

2005-01-19T16:37:00.000-08:00

At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, ambassadors were one of the four classes of diplomatic agents who were formally defined and recognized. Ambassadors were deemed to represent the person and dignity of the sovereign (or head of state) and were entitled to personal access to the sovereign

Gruffydd, William John

2005-01-18T23:59:00.000-08:00

Educated at the University of Oxford, Gruffydd was appointed professor of Celtic at University College in Cardiff, Wales, a position

Carter, Rosalynn

2005-01-18T04:02:00.000-08:00

Jimmy Carter sometimes pointed out that his wife's first name was Eleanor and that she had been as valuable a working partner to him as had Eleanor Roosevelt to her husband. Most Americans would agree, and Rosalynn's popularity was consistently high compared with that of other first ladies.

Jones, Jo

2005-01-17T17:49:00.000-08:00

Jones grew up in Alabama, studied music for 12 years, and became a skilled trumpeter and pianist; he toured with carnivals as a tap dancer as well as an instrumentalist. He played with Southwestern “territory

Yerevan

2005-01-16T01:33:00.000-08:00

The city developed as an important

Kirkland, Lane

2005-01-14T15:17:00.000-08:00

Kirkland graduated from the United States Merchant Marine Academy in 1942 and then served as an officer on American merchant ships throughout World War II. He settled in Washington,

Disc Jockey

2005-01-14T13:03:00.000-08:00

Also spelled disk jockey person who conducts a program of recorded music on radio, on television, or at discotheques or other dance halls. Disc jockey programs became the economic base of many radio stations in the United States after World War II. The format generally involves one person, the disc jockey, introducing and playing phonograph records and chatting informally and usually extemporaneously

Aubigné, Théodore-agrippa D'

2005-01-12T14:40:00.000-08:00

Major late 16th-century poet, renowned Huguenot captain, polemicist, and historian of his own times. After studies in Paris, Orléans, Geneva, and Lyon, he joined the Huguenot forces and served throughout the Wars of Religion on the battlefield and in the council chamber. He was écuyer (“master of horse”) to Henry of Navarre. After Henry's accession to

Moschopoulos, Manuel

2005-01-12T10:30:00.000-08:00

Little is known of Moschopoulos' life except what can be gathered from his correspondence and a reference in a letter of one Maximus Planudes, who describes him as his pupil. He was a prominent representative of those

Calendar, Early history

2005-01-10T23:04:00.000-08:00

The oldest system, in many respects the basis of the classical one, is known from texts of about 1000 BC. It divides an approximate solar year of 360 days into 12 lunar months of 27 (according to the early Vedic text Taittiriya Samhita 4.4.10.1–3) or 28 (according to the Atharvaveda, the fourth of the Vedas, 19.7.1.) days. The resulting discrepancy was resolved by the intercalation of a leap month every 60 months. Time

Hancock, Winfield Scott

2005-01-10T16:10:00.000-08:00

A West Point graduate (1844), he served with distinction in the Mexican War (1846–48). Hancock was appointed a

Bradford

2005-01-08T20:04:00.000-08:00

Spanish Hill, near Sayre and Athens at the confluence of the Chemung and Susquehanna

Alienation

2005-01-07T23:07:00.000-08:00

In social sciences, the state of feeling estranged or separated from one's milieu, work, products of work, or self. Despite its popularity in the analysis of contemporary life, the idea of alienation remains an ambiguous concept with elusive meanings, the following variants being most common: (1) powerlessness, the feeling that one's destiny is not under one's own control

Alamosa

2005-01-06T02:05:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1913) of Alamosa county, southern Colorado, U.S. It lies along the Rio Grande in the San Luis Valley, on the western flank of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Founded as Garland City near the site of a small encampment outside the gates of Fort Garland (1858), a cavalry post once commanded by Christopher “Kit” Carson, Alamosa (Spanish: “Cottonwood”) was a terminus of the Denver and

Nabighah, An-

2005-01-04T18:18:00.000-08:00

Nabighah belonged to the tribe of Dhubyan. The origin of his name is uncertain, as are details of his early life. He lived in luxury and favour for many years at the court of the Lakhmid Arab kings of al-Hirah in Iraq, incurring the jealousy of the other courtiers. According to one story, which seems to

Rodeo

2005-01-03T01:27:00.000-08:00

The five standard rodeo events are calf roping, bull riding, steer wrestling (bulldogging), saddle bronc-riding, and bareback bronc-riding. (A bronc [bronco,

Arabia, History Of, The life of Muhammad

2005-01-02T06:12:00.000-08:00

Muhammad was born in 570 of the Hashimite (Banu Hashim) branch of the noble house of 'Abd Manaf; though orphaned at an early age and, in consequence, with little influence, he never lacked protection by his clan. Marriage to a wealthy widow improved his position as a merchant, but he began to make his mark in Mecca by preaching the oneness of Allah. Rejected by the Quraysh lords, Muhammad

Biblical Literature, III Maccabees

2005-01-01T00:34:00.000-08:00

The Greek book called The Third Book of Maccabees itself has nothing to do with the Maccabean period. Its content is a legend, a miraculous story of deliverance, which is also independently told—in another historical context—by Josephus (Against Apion II, 5). In III Maccabees the story takes place during the reign of Ptolemy IV Philopator (reigned 221–203 BCE). The central episode

Osaka

2004-12-31T22:55:00.000-08:00

Fu (urban prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It is bordered by Kyoto urban prefecture (north) and by the ken (prefectures) of Hyogo (northwest), Nara (east), and Wakayama (south) and by Osaka Bay (southeast). It includes the industrial city of Osaka and numerous industrial and residential suburbs. The main industries in the urban prefecture manufacture iron and steel products, textiles, chemicals,

Bushehr

2004-12-31T00:37:00.000-08:00

Coastal region, southwestern Iran, bordering the Persian Gulf on the west and bounded by the regions of Hormozgan and Fars on the southeast and east and Khuzestan on the northwest. Inland the region is part of the Zagros Mountains and consists of fingers of upland within a plateau. The Shapur River drains the region and serves as an inland waterway from the coast of the Persian

Interior Design, Special subjects

2004-12-30T17:03:00.000-08:00

Johannes Itten, Kunst der Farbe (1961; Eng. trans., The Art of Color, 1961); Faber Birren, Color for Interiors, Historical and Modern (1963); Leslie Larson, Lighting and Its Design (1964); John F. Pile (ed.), Drawings of Architectural Interiors (1967); Mario G. Salvadori and Robert Heller, Structure in Architecture (1963), a very readable introduction to structural principles understandable to laymen, but written on a professional level; Mario Dal Fabbro, Modern Furniture, 2nd ed. (1958). Edward Lucie-Smith, The Story of Craft: The Craftsman's Role in Society (1981), explores the unifying and the distinctive features of craft and fine arts.

Nevado De Toluca National Park

2004-12-28T17:20:00.000-08:00

Park in Mexico estado (“state”), central Mexico. It is situated in the municipality of Zinacantepec, on the Mexico–Toluca–Guadalajara highway west of Mexico City. Established in 1936, it has an area of 259 square miles (671 square km). The park lies in the Nevado de Toluca (or Zinantecatl) Mountains, which rise above 15,025 feet (4,580 m). Among the park's chief features are an extinct, snowcapped volcano

Finland, Settlement patterns

2004-12-28T02:41:00.000-08:00

Increased industrialization in Finland has steadily raised the proportion of the population living in urban areas; by the late 20th century about three-fifths of the total population lived in cities and towns. Farms are most commonly located in the meadowland regions of the southwest, where the fertile land is suitable for mixed farming. In the north farmers usually

Laos, Relief

2004-12-27T03:57:00.000-08:00

Dominating the landscape of Laos are its inhospitable, forest-covered mountains, which in the north rise to a maximum elevation of 9,245 feet (2,818 metres) above sea level at Mount Bia and everywhere constitute an impediment to travel. The principal range lies along a northwest-southeast axis and forms part of the Annamese Cordillera (Chaîne Annamitique), but secondary ranges

Jewish Daily Forward

2004-12-26T01:25:00.000-08:00

The Forward was founded in 1897 by the Jewish Socialist Press Federation as a civic aid and a cohesive device for Jewish immigrants from Europe. It quickly became the leading Yiddish-language newspaper in the United States. Under the guidance of Abraham Cahan, who was

Alabama, The Civil War and its aftermath

2004-12-25T10:11:00.000-08:00

In 1861 Alabama seceded from the Union and joined the Confederate States of America, which established its first capital in Montgomery. The state legislature conscripted soldiers and appropriated several million dollars for military operations and for the support of the families of soldiers. Some 35,000 of the 122,000 Alabamians who served in the war died. Following the collapse

Francescatti, Zino

2004-12-22T23:04:00.000-08:00

A child prodigy, he studied violin from age three. He made his debut at five, soloed successfully in Beethoven's Violin Concerto at 10, and was an

Quasicrystal, Quasiperiodicity

2004-12-22T15:13:00.000-08:00

Dov Levine and Paul Steinhardt, physicists at the University of Pennsylvania, proposed a resolution of this apparent conflict. They suggested that the translational order of atoms in quasicrystalline alloys might be quasiperiodic rather than periodic. Quasiperiodic patterns share certain characteristics with periodic patterns. In particular, both are

Cole, Thomas

2004-12-20T10:49:00.000-08:00

Cole's family immigrated first to Philadelphia and then settled in Steubenville, Ohio. He was trained by an itinerant portrait painter named Stein and then spent two years at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. In 1825 some of Cole's

Andocides

2004-12-20T09:40:00.000-08:00

Born into one of the most prominent Athenian families, Andocides was imprisoned on suspicion of having taken part in the mutilation of the sacred busts called herms shortly before the departure of Athens' military expedition to Sicily in 415. These mutilations caused a general panic, and Andocides was induced to turn informer

Alcalde

2004-12-18T19:10:00.000-08:00

(from Arabic al-qadi, “judge”), the administrative and judicial head of a town or village in Spain or in areas under Spanish control or influence. The title was applied to local government officials whose functions were various but always included a judicial element. Types of alcaldes were differentiated according to the specialized nature of their judicial functions:

Berezovsky, Boris

2004-12-18T06:44:00.000-08:00

When Russian Pres. Boris Yeltsin resigned, Russian tycoon Boris Berezovsky lost his status as a Kremlin insider and one of Russia's most powerful men. Yeltsin's successor, Vladimir Putin, came to power in 2000 promising to “liquidate the oligarchs as a class.” By year's end Berezovsky had been ousted from Kremlin circles and was facing a criminal investigation into his business

Aldrich, Thomas Bailey

2004-12-16T10:01:00.000-08:00

Aldrich left school at 13 to work as a merchant's clerk in New York City and soon began to contribute to various newspapers

Levi Strauss & Co.

2004-12-16T01:23:00.000-08:00

The company traces its origin to Levi Strauss (1829–1902), a Bavarian immigrant who arrived in San

Madison Square Garden

2004-12-14T08:33:00.000-08:00

Indoor sports arena in New York City. The original Madison Square Garden (1874) was a converted railroad station at Madison Square; in 1891 a sports arena was built on the site, designed by Stanford White and dedicated chiefly to boxing. In 1925 a new Madison Square Garden was built at Eighth Avenue and 50th Street, with an arena suitable for basketball, hockey, and other sports; it was the

Arts, Southeast Asian, Sculpture

2004-12-13T16:11:00.000-08:00

The Thai kings made repeated attempts to “purify” their conservative Theravada strain of Buddhism, importing patterns of art along with texts and learned monks from Ceylon and trying to wean their people from worship of the spirits. To retain the greatest spiritual potency, Buddha icons in Thai temples had to be as close in type as possible to a great original prototype

Heriz Carpet

2004-12-13T05:31:00.000-08:00

Heriz also spelled Heris, floor covering handmade in any of a group of villages near the town of Heris, lying east of Tabriz in northwest Iran. Heriz carpets—primarily room-sized, stout, serviceable, and attractive—have found ready markets in Europe and the U.S. They are an offshoot, apparently, of the Tabriz carpets, a country version of city styles. The smooth curves and flowing lines of a sophisticated

Pabbajja

2004-12-11T16:14:00.000-08:00

In some Theravada countries such as Burma, the rite is normally held for every Buddhist boy at the age of puberty. In Tibet and China a probationary period of study is required

Burdett, Sir Francis, 5th Baronet

2004-12-10T23:09:00.000-08:00

His marriage to a wealthy woman enabled Burdett to buy a seat in the House of Commons in 1796. Influenced by French Revolutionary

Shigella

2004-12-10T01:07:00.000-08:00

Genus of rod-shaped bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae, species of which are normal inhabitants of the human intestinal tract and can cause dysentery, or shigellosis. Shigella are microbiologically characterized as gram-negative, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacteria. Their cells are 0.4 to 0.6 micrometre across by 1 to 3 micrometres long. S. dysenteriae, spread

Falconiform

2004-12-08T01:00:00.000-08:00

Falconiforms have no obvious evolutionary links with other birds. Currently they are placed between ducks, on the one hand, and game birds on the other; but they bear no clear resemblance to either, while fossil evidence does not indicate intermediate links. The most obvious physical specializations of falconiforms—the cutting, tearing bill and taloned feet—do

Arabian Desert

2004-12-08T00:04:00.000-08:00

Before the 18th century many Arabs but few Europeans had succeeded in penetrating the Arabian Desert, and few authors had written about it. Travel literature written in Arabic concentrated on the routes taken by pilgrimage caravans going to Mecca. Scientific exploration began in 1762 with a Danish expedition led by the German surveyor Carsten Niebuhr. In the 19th century

Hohenlohe-ingelfingen, Friedrich Ludwig, Fürst Zu

2004-12-06T16:36:00.000-08:00

Hohenlohe entered the Prussian Army in 1768, distinguishing himself in the War

Dabrowa Górnicza

2004-12-05T21:23:00.000-08:00

City, Katowice województwo (province), southwestern Poland, on the Czarna Przemsza River just northeast of Katowice city. The town flourished when coal mining began there in 1796. During the 19th century it served as a mining and metallurgical research centre and had the first Polish mining school (1889). It became a town in 1916. Dabrowa Górnicza is situated in the Górny Slask (Upper Silesia)

Rowboat

2004-12-05T02:25:00.000-08:00

A true rowboat or sculling boat has an easy motion through the water and, most important, glides between strokes. Thus the boat's forward motion never ceases; each stroke of the oar keeps the boat underway, and a steady tempo

France, Flag Of

2004-12-04T22:24:00.000-08:00

Under the ancien régime, France had a great number of flags, and many of its military and naval flags were elaborate and subject to artistic variations. The royal coat of arms, a blue shield with three golden fleurs-de-lis, was the basis for the state flag. After the Bourbons came to power, this shield was generally displayed against a background of the Bourbon dynastic

Amiens Cathedral

2004-12-02T22:46:00.000-08:00

Also called Notre-Dame d'Amiens, or the Cathedral of Notre-Dame of Amiens

France, Flag Of

2004-12-02T03:39:00.000-08:00

At a proposed merger between the ABA and the NBA, a class action was instituted by ABA players alleging violations of the

Phek

2004-12-01T17:20:00.000-08:00

Town, southern Nagaland state, northeastern India, 75 miles (121 km) east of Kohima town. It is a rural town whose inhabitants practice shifting cultivation. Weaving is the important cottage industry. The people of the region belong to different ethnic groups of Mongolian descent; they are referred to as Kirats in the Hindu epic the Mahabharata. Pop. (1981) 13,609.

Kershaw

2004-11-28T14:22:00.000-08:00

Levnî, Abdülcelil

2004-11-28T00:41:00.000-08:00

He went as a young man to Constantinople, where he studied at the academy of painting at the Topkapi Palace. He later became chief court painter to the Ottoman sultan Mustafa II, and he probably held the same post under the successor

Scab

2004-11-26T02:33:00.000-08:00

In pathology, secondary skin lesion composed of dried serum, blood, or pus. See wound.

Marriage Law

2004-11-25T03:10:00.000-08:00

The body of legal specifications and requirements and other laws that regulate the initiation, continuation, and validity of marriages. Marriage is a legally sanctioned union usually between one man and one woman. At the beginning of the 21st century, marriage between people of the same sex was legally recognized in two countries, The Netherlands (2001) and Belgium (2003), and

Tableware

2004-11-24T09:08:00.000-08:00

Utensils used at the table for holding, serving, and handling food and drink. Tableware includes various types of containers (known as hollowware, q.v.), spoons and forks (flatware, q.v.), knives (cutlery, q.v.), and a variety of dishes and accessories.

Kantianism, Psychological Neo-Kantianism

2004-11-23T18:15:00.000-08:00

An initial attempt to interpret Kantian transcendentalism in psychological terms was made by the Friesian Empiricist Jürgen Bona Meyer in his Kants Psychologie (1870). Later, a more important contribution in this field was made by the Göttingen philosopher of ethics and law Leonard Nelson and published in the Abhandlungen der Fries'schen Schule (1904 ff; “Acts of the Friesian

Aum Shinrikyo

2004-11-21T23:02:00.000-08:00

A useful introduction to the sect can be found in Ian Reader, A Poisonous Cocktail?: Aum Shinrikyo's Path to Violence (1996).

Floral Decoration

2004-11-21T02:51:00.000-08:00

The term flower arrangement presupposes the word design. When flowers are placed in containers without thought of design, they remain a bunch of flowers, beautiful in themselves but not making up an arrangement. Line, form, colour, and texture are the basic design elements that are selected, then composed into a harmonious unit based on the principles of design—balance,

Durand-ruel, Paul

2004-11-20T15:05:00.000-08:00

Durand-Ruel began his career in his father's art gallery, which he inherited in 1865. At the outset he concentrated on buying the work of Barbizon artists—particularly Camille Corot, Charles-François Daubigny, and Jules Dupré—and for

Aichi

2004-11-19T04:54:00.000-08:00

Ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan, on the Pacific coast. More than half of its area lies within the Nobi Plain and two smaller plains to the east. The northwestern border with Gifu prefecture is formed by the Kiso River, sometimes known as the Nihon (Japan) Rhine. The irregular coast is marked by the peninsulas of Chita (west) and Atsumi (east), which enclose Mikawa Bay and

Termite

2004-11-18T07:32:00.000-08:00

Any of the cellulose-eating social insects that constitute the order Isoptera. Although they are referred to popularly as white ants, they are not closely related to ants, which are grouped with bees and wasps in a higher order of insects, the Hymenoptera. The social system of termites shows remarkable parallels with those of the Hymenoptera,

Beagle

2004-11-17T10:14:00.000-08:00

HMS Beagle (the third of nine vessels to bear this name) was launched on May 11, 1820, at Woolwich, the

Laidoner, Johan

2004-11-16T21:57:00.000-08:00

Educated in Russia for a military career, Laidoner earned the rank of lieutenant colonel in Russian service. He served in World War I (1914–18) as an intelligence

Dyspareunia

2004-11-15T09:32:00.000-08:00

Painful or difficult sexual intercourse in the female. Disorders are generally physical rather than psychological. Dyspareunia may be caused by inflammation or infection of the vagina, vaginismus (q.v.; voluntary or involuntary contraction of the lower vaginal muscles), remnants of the hymen, insufficient lubrication of the vagina, infection, endometriosis, tumours,

Turin Faience

2004-11-13T21:26:00.000-08:00

Tin-glazed earthenware made in Turin, Italy, from the 16th century through the 18th. It is known that the Genoese G.G. Bianchi opened a pottery factory in Turin in 1646. In 1725 Giorgio Rossetti expanded Turin's faience industry, in which he was followed by his descendants. Another factory was that of G.A. Ardizzone (flourished 1765). These 18th-century potters produced such wares as faience plates

Naro-fominsk

2004-11-13T04:03:00.000-08:00

City and centre of a rayon (sector), Moscow oblast (province), western Russia, on the Nara River southwest of the capital. It was formed in 1926 from three villages and textile centres. The town Fominsk was totally destroyed in World War II but later reemerged with its cotton-based industries of the past replaced by a huge silk-weaving combine. Pop. (1994 est.) 60,000.

Tzara, Tristan

2004-11-11T05:35:00.000-08:00

The Dadaist movement originated in Zürich during World War I, with the participation of the artists Jean Arp, Francis Picabia, and

Newton

2004-11-10T08:29:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1872) of Harvey county, central Kansas, U.S. Founded in 1871 and named for Newton, Massachusetts, it was a railhead for the Chisholm Trail cattle drives from 1871 to 1873, when it was designated a division point of the Santa Fe Railroad. In the 1870s Russian Mennonite settlers began raising Turkey Red hard winter wheat brought from their homeland, and this variety became Kansas's principal

Madhya Pradesh, Industry

2004-11-09T10:29:00.000-08:00

Overall, Madhya Pradesh remains an industrially underdeveloped state. In 1981 the Madhya Pradesh Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. was established to improve the infrastructure in the state's identified growth centres. Before this planned development took place, western Madhya Pradesh was the main industrial area—primarily producing consumer goods—but

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Derivation of the terms

2004-11-09T01:03:00.000-08:00

The original meanings of these critical terms themselves suggest the direction of their development. Fable (from the Latin fabula, “a telling”) puts the emphasis on narrative (and in the medieval and Renaissance periods was often used when speaking of “the plot” of a narrative). Parable (from Greek parabole, a “setting beside”) suggests a juxtaposition that compares and contrasts

Yingqing Ware

2004-11-07T20:28:00.000-08:00

Yingqing (“shadowy blue”) ware is distinctive

Oboe

2004-11-07T11:44:00.000-08:00

Hautbois (French: “high [i.e., loud] wood”), or oboe, was originally one of the names of the shawm, the violently powerful instrument of

Hanks, Tom

2004-11-04T20:58:00.000-08:00

Roy Trakin, Tom Hanks: Journey to Stardom, updated ed. (1995).